Drawing, the art or technique of producing images on a surface, usually paper, by means of marks, usually of ink, graphite, chalk, charcoal, or crayon.

Drawing as formal artistic creation might be defined as the primarily linear rendition of objects in the visible world, as well as of concepts,…

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And its great to see and hear Leigh talk about his work in such a relaxed way. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.



As a young illustrator, inspired by seeing the films of Émile Cohl and Winsor McCay at nickelodeons, he successfully lobbied small studios and began working in the emergent business of animation. and was it ever released any were? Today in Mark Kausler’s closet we found a real piece of gold: a vintage reel of Otto Messmer animation that was originally shown as animated lights in Times Square.



Otto Messmer was an American animator and comics artist, generally known as the creator of the famous 'Felix the Cat' (1919) character. Courtesy Doris Messmer Otto Messmer was a lucky man. Box office opens at 7pm. Mayer hired Messmer on to help him work on a series of animated commercials called The Travels with Teddy, and worked with Mayer again … And here is the Otto Messmer reel. Felix’s popularity during the 1920s led to his being the first such character merchandised via popular products such as stuffed dolls, key chains, and comic books. Years before Walt Disney made Mickey Mouse whistle in The son of German immigrants, Messmer was lucky enough to grow up in Fort Lee, New Jersey when that city was a hotbed of early film production.







So famous was Leigh’s work, Warner Bros. made a cartoon parody of his moving signs in Lights Fantastic (1942). Messmer's first love, however, was cartooning.

At twice the width/height, the Times Sq sign was 76 x 54 = 4,104 bulbs.
Mickey Rooney (left) with Douglas Leigh and some of Messmer’s art in the background“It must be considered something of a miracle that this particular job should find its way to Messmer, for he and (Leigh) were obviously perfect match.

One of the earliest was modernist composer Paul Hindemith, who created a now-lost player piano score for Tonight, Light Industry celebrates Messmer with eight of his most remarkable Felix cartoons, including one of the director's only sound films, the college-themed phantasmagoria Please note: seating is limited.

Inspired by Winsor McCay's animated films, such as How a Mosquito Operates, Messmer began creating his own comics for local newspapers in 1912, the same year he met Anne Mason, whom he married in 1934. Otto Messmer, (born August 16, 1892, Union City, New Jersey, U.S.—died October 28, 1983, Teaneck, New Jersey), American animator who created the character Felix the Cat, the world’s most popular cartoon star before Mickey Mouse.

My only other note is to observe how Messmer utilized Max Fleischer’s rotoscope; and to admire his craft. One of his comics, Fun, ran as part of the Sunday comics' page for New York World. Under Messmer’s vision, both Felix and his environment grew increasingly plastic, subject to remarkable transformations at every turn, often to the benefit of the cat’s clever schemes: when a question mark appears above Felix’s puzzled head, for instance, the cat might simply grab it to use as a ladder; his prehensile tail could be detached and variously repurposed as a weapon, an umbrella, or a musical instrument. History at your fingertips Theorist and filmmaker Béla Balázs would later praise Felix for offering up “that amazing world in which the prime mover and omnipotent ruler is the pencil or paintbrush...In the world of creatures consisting only of lines, the only impossible things are those which cannot be drawn.”Balázs was not the first thinker inspired by Felix, nor would he be the last, as Messmer’s creation has held a longstanding fascination for artists of manifold persuasions.

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