On May 2, a staff member of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was kidnapped from an ICRC residence in Mogadishu; she had not been released at time of writing.Internally displaced women and girls remain at particular risk of sexual and gender-based violence by armed men, including government soldiers and militia members, and civilians. The Republic of Somalia experienced fragmentation in the 1990s: the self-proclaimed Republic of Somaliland asserted its independence from Somalia in 1991, and the Puntland State of Somalia declared itself an autonomous region of Somalia in 1998. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre) held dictatorial rule over the country from October 1969 until January 1991, when he was overthrown in a bloody civil war waged by clan-based guerrillas.

AMISOM troop-contributing countries expressed concern over the capacity of Somali government forces to assume key security responsibilities. A former general and diplomat, he was the chairman of the United Somali Congress (USC) and later led the Somali National Alliance (SNA). Limiting Beijing’s Influence Over Accountability and JusticeConvincing “Middle Powers” to Fight Autocrats Despite High CostsHuman Judgment and Responsibility in the Age of TechnologyChanging the Terms of Engagement with Silicon ValleyFighting, insecurity and lack of state protection, and recurring humanitarian crises had a devastating impact on Somali civilians in 2018. Domestic web access is held back by poor infrastructure, but social media use is on the rise.Travellers from Zante to Wales told to self-isolateOffice drive 'falls flat' and a Strictly same-sex pair?When unemployment topped 3m - and kept rising. VideoGrowing up in the world's largest refugee camp. Africa. Britannica Premium: Serving the evolving needs of knowledge seekers. Mohamed Farrah Hassan Aidid (Somali: Maxamed Faarax Xasan Caydiid, Arabic: محمد فرح حسن عيديد ‎; 15 December 1934 – 1 August 1996) was a Somali warlord and militia leader.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.As rival warlords tore the country apart into clan-based fiefdoms, an internationally-backed unity government formed in 2000 struggled to establish control, and the two relatively peaceful northern regions of Somaliland and Puntland effectively broke away.The seizure of the capital Mogadishu and much of the country's south by a coalition of Islamist shariah courts in 2006 prompted an intervention by Ethiopian, and later, African Union, forces.Since 2012, when a new internationally-backed government was installed, Somalia has been inching towards stability, but the new authorities still face a challenge from Al-Qaeda-aligned Al-Shabab insurgents.Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, also known as Farmajo, was elected by MPs gathered under tight security in a hangar at the airport of the capital Mogadishu in February 2017. Inter-clan and intra-security force violence, along with sporadic military operations against Al-Shabab by Somali government forces, African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) troops, and other foreign forces, resulted in deaths, injuries, and displacement of civilians.While federal and regional authorities made some progress in clarifying roles and responsibilities in the security and justice sectors, political infighting diverted from greatly needed reforms. 1974 - Somalia joins the Arab League.

On appeal, Puntland judges reduced, but did not overturn, prison sentences determined by its military court in 2016 to 40 children who fought for Al-Shabab.About 2.6 million Somalis live in protracted internal displacement according to the UN, facing serious abuses, including indiscriminate killings, forced evictions, sexual violence, and limited access to basic services.According to humanitarian actors, over 204,000 people had been forcibly evicted in the first eight months of 2018, including by government forces, primarily in Mogadishu and Bay region.In December 2017, security forces demolished dozens of informal settlements, including humanitarian infrastructure, Humanitarian agencies faced serious challenges in accessing vulnerable populations due to insecurity, restrictions imposed by parties to the conflict, illegal checkpoints, and extortion. Tensions between Somaliland and Puntland in the contested Sool border region led to armed clashes, including in January when Somaliland took over the strategic town of Tukaraq. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. A Somali girl stands next to her makeshift tent at Tawakal internally displaced persons camp in Mogadishu, Somalia, June 19, 2018. Temperature maxima are even higher inland, but along the coast of the Indian Ocean temperatures are considerably lower because of a cold offshore current. Positively, in July the Somaliland House of Representatives rejected problematic  amendments made by the Upper House (Guurti) to the Rape and Sexual Offences Bill that defined an adult as 15 years of age and above, and removed criminal responsibility of close male relatives for forced marriage. The worst places to be a child in 2018. What A Downed Black Hawk In Somalia Taught America It's been 20 years since the Battle of Mogadishu, a mission gone wrong that cost 18 American … Somalia has some of the highest mean annual temperatures in the world.

1977 - … Somalia embroiled in diplomatic row after expelling UN envoy. In The Somali penal code, currently being revised, classifies sexual violence as an “offence against modesty and sexual honor” rather than as a violation of bodily integrity, punishes same-sex intercourse, and imposes criminal penalties for speech considered insulting to authorities.Targeted attacks on media, including harassment and arbitrary detentions, continued.


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