All rights reserved. The constituency was recreated for the 1998 Legislative Council election unless its electorate base has been narrowed and from individual voting to bodies that are members of 82 wholesale and retail associations. Without cookies your experience may not be seamless. Even after the British had conceded the right to democracy and directly-elected legislatures throughout the rest of their Asian empire,¹ they were not ready to extend universal suffrage to Hong Kong, a reluctance that was to be shared by China’s leaders. Another chapter reports on a pioneering study which polled individual functional constituency voters to build up the first comprehensive picture of such electors. English [] Noun []. Hong Kong has similar political systems.. Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. ©2020 Project MUSE. Hong Kong has similar political systems. Eligible voters in a functional constituency are designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. 新聞稿: Civic Exchange Releases a Report on Internal Democratization of the CPC and its Future-From Theory to Practice, CLSA Publication: The Emissions Game: How Markets Can Help Save the Planet, Civic Exchange Recommendations for the October 2020 Policy Address. Soon after, the Communist Revolution impelled the governing Kuomintang to suspend of the constitution and retreat to Taiwan. A functional constituency is an electoral device (a non-geographical constituency) used within the political systems of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China: The 1948 election to the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China used a mixed electoral system, including some members elected by occupational groups, as specified by the 1947 constitution. Produced by Johns Hopkins University Press in collaboration with The Sheridan Libraries. Some content of the original page may have been edited to make it more suitable for younger readers, unless otherwise noted. The Social Welfare functional constituency, formerly called Social Services, is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. The constituency is composed of bodies that are trade unions of which all the voting members are employees. The Boundaries and Constituencies of History The Boundaries and Constituencies of History Bender, Thomas 2006-03-02 00:00:00 The Boundaries and Constituencies of History Thomas Bender “How Wide is the Circle of We?” historian David Hollinger asked a decade ago. How Do We Engage Young People Against Climate Change. The 11 original functional constituencies created in 1985 were: List of functional constituencies An enclosed CD provides a rich resource of additional data on the functional constituencies. Functional Constituencies: A Unique Feature of the Hong Kong Legislative Council. The Wholesale and Retail functional constituency (Chinese: 批發及零售界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1995 as one of the nine new functional constituencies under the electoral reform carried out by the then Governor Chris Patten, in which the electorate consisted of total 101,988 eligible voters worked related to the … The paper suggested that the Legislative Council to create 24 seats with 12 seats from different professional interest groups. By Christine Loh, Civic Exchange 31 December 2006. muse@press.jhu.edu. Functional Constituencies: A Unique Feature of the Hong Kong Legislative Council (with CD), CHAPTER 1: Government and business alliance: Hong Kong’s functional constituencies, CHAPTER 2: Business friendly and politically convenient — the historical role of functional constituencies, CHAPTER 3: Privileged to vote: Inequalities and anomalies of the FC system, CHAPTER 4: Elected by the elite: Functional constituency legislators and elections, CHAPTER 5: The legal status of functional constituencies, CHAPTER 6: Comparative profiles and attitudes of FC voters versus GC voters in the 2004 LegCo election campaign, CHAPTER 7: The dynamics of social policy making in Hong Kong: The role of functional representatives (1998–2004), CHAPTER 8: The contribution of the functional constituencies to economic policy in Hong Kong, 2000–2004, CHAPTER 9: Non-positive interventionism: How functional constituencies distort the free market, CHAPTER 10: ‘One person, one vote’: The US electoral system and the functional constituencies, CONCLUSION: Functional constituencies: The way forward. The concept of functional constituencies in Hong Kong was first developed in the release of "Green Paper: A Pattern of District Administration in Hong Kong" on 18 July 1984 when indirect elections were introduced to the Legislative Council for the first time. Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Functional constituencies have had a long and controversial history in Hong Kong. He was pointing out the decline of confidence since 1940 in species-wide generalization in the human sciences. They include private foundations, corporations, government and public sector organisations, individuals and academia. The Labour is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. The constituency is composed of bodies that are trade unions of which all the voting members are employees.. References Eligible voters in a functional constituency are designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. The 1991 reforms which reintroduced democracy to Taiwan do not use occupational constituencies.

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