Water was a precious resource for farms east of the Cascades. "In 1842, several went down to the Willamette to trade horses for cattle. In 1891 the Washington State Agricultural College, Experiment Station, and School of Sciences was established in Pullman. Farm income rose and high inflation made farmland values increase. American President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) hoped to lay claim to the Pacific Northwest before the British. These farms have made huge strides to improve worker housing and labor practices over the years. New science also helped farmers ward off pests and disease better. Royal Riblet atop his square wheel tractor, n.d. The U.S. government held land drawings for servicemen freshly home from World War II. By the time Washington became the 42nd state in the union in 1889, farmers were growing a diverse number of crops on the state's western side, including oats, spinach, hops, flax, sugar beets, cabbage, flower bulbs, potatoes, lettuce, celery and berries. This allowed them to have better control over the herds year-round. On the wetter western side, immigrants drained bogs near the coast and developed small mixed farms, raising a wide range of crops. In 1910, a former Washington State professor, William Spillman, was placed in charge of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Farm Management. The mission had to be self-sustaining, as it was 25 miles from the nearest trading post, Fort Walla Walla. When explorers, traders, and settlers from Europe and the United States began reaching the Pacific Northwest later that century, they brought more new plants and animals to the region. Fort Vancouver housed one of the earliest cattle herds in the state. Horses and wagons also moved farm products to storehouses and urban communities. From where we are now, he appears to have been in some respects a man of vision and in others a man without foresight ... Let's look at some of the facts of life that faced him. They fenced off their fields and planted wheat, corn, peas, and potatoes. After the 1980s, farmers and ranchers grew their operations with a better knowledge of risks, international markets, and the value of technology. There were many besides Dunn who lost in farming. From there, the Northern Pacific shipped wool to the East Coast. Dairy farmers also found Washington to be a prime place for milk production and marketing. Railroads reached the Northwest in the second half of the nineteenth century, opening markets across the nation to Washington farmers. When explorers and fur traders from the East Coast and Europe reached the Northwest in the late 1700s they brought new animals, plants, and agricultural practices to a region where Native Americans had long cultivated a variety of crops. The infrastructure of the Columbia Basin Project took a decade to build. Sagebrush was ripped out and the desert became farmable. To see "Agriculture in Washington since 1900," click "Next Feature", Burge Homestead, Wenas Valley, Yakima County, Courtesy WSU Special Collections, Cull A. Then his troubles really began. Apples were the most valuable crop, worth $2.4 billion, followed by milk ($1.1 billion), potatoes ($813 million), cattle ($704 million) and wheat ($657 million). Steamboats operated on inland waterways, including the Okanogan, Snake, and Columbia rivers. Richard Scheuerman and Alexander C. McGregor, Harvest Heritage: Agricultural Origins and Heirloom Crops of the Pacific Northwest (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 2013); Alexander C. McGregor, "Merchants, Mule Packers, and a Rugged Path to Success: Walla Walla and the Mullan Road, 1860-83" The Mullan Road: Carving a Passage Through the Frontier Northwest, 1859-62, ed. After the passage of the Enabling Act of 1889, Washington became the 42nd state in the United States on November 11, 1889. Many ranchers bought additional land and fenced in their cattle. In 1918, a group of dairy farmers in the Puget Sound area joined together to market their products. In Yakima County, farmers began growing fruit and rolling pastures became orchards and vineyards, with dairy farms also scattered through the valley. Dairy farmers created creameries and sent fresh milk to customers by steamship. Olympia Brewing Company began brewing beer in Tumwater. Another brutal winter in 1889 devastated herds throughout Eastern Washington. 1787-1860), governor of the company's Northern Department, often sent supplies and seeds to other company outposts. This allowed him to establish a network of county extension agents in several states, including Washington. Latino and Asian farm workers were not attracted to the culture and ideas of the AWIU, which were still largely rooted in the transient, white-male experience" (Castañeda). In 1934 Roosevelt personally inspected the progress of the project and endorsed making it high enough to provide enough electricity to pump water to irrigate the lands of the Columbia River Basin. In the Creston area, feuds between homesteaders and ranchers were notorious. Agriculture in Washington first developed during a period of agrarian revolt.

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