[43] In June 2008 the Government offered to provide financial compensation to the petitioners who wished to return to civilian life. Australia's troubled relationship with the Suharto regime was brought into focus by the Massacre. The island was seen as a way to exile those who the government in Lisbon saw as "problems" - these included political prisoners as well as ordinary criminals. [71] Almost all of the 2nd Battalion's soldiers were dismissed during the 2006 crisis. Other reported death tolls from the 24-year occupation range from 60,000 to 200,000. President Ramos-Horta was critically injured in an assassination attempt on 11 February 2008, in a failed coup apparently perpetrated by Alfredo Reinado, a renegade soldier who died in the attack. Some of the people arrived from South China and North Indochina looking for trade because East Timor had resources which could be exported, like sandalwood, honey, slaves and wax. This overlap has led to tensions between the services, which have been exacerbated b Paragraphs 7.4 and 158. [27], As a result of the escalating violence the government was forced to appeal for international peacekeepers on 25 May. Portuguese control over the territory was tenuous particularly in the mountainous interior. During 2003 and 2004, members of the police and F-FDTL clashed on a number of occasions, and groups of soldiers attacked police stations in September 2003 and December 2004. In 1702 the territory officially became a Portuguese colony, known as Portuguese Timor, when Lisbon sent its first governor, with Lifau as its capital. Portugal also provides advisors and trains two naval officers each year in Portugal. The Centre for Defence Studies, King's College, London. The colony was declared an 'Overseas Province' of the Portuguese Republic in 1955. It is a member of the United Nations the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. [46], In 2011 the F-FDTL was still under-strength and yet to reform its training and discipline standards. This offer was accepted, and all the petitioners returned to their homes by August that year. The council's role is not clear, however, and neither it nor the parliament served as a check against the decision to sack large numbers of F-FDTL personnel in 2006. [67] Although the army is small, the guerrilla tactics employed by FALINTIL before the departure in 1999 of the Indonesian National Armed Forces were effective against overwhelming numbers and it has the potential to form a credible deterrent against invasion. The Timor Leste Defence Force is the military body responsible for the defence of East Timor. [37], The Force 2020 plan is similar to option 1 in the King's College report. While the F-FDTL operated in a "relatively disciplined and orderly fashion" during this operation, it illegally arrested nearly 100 people who were released 10 days later without being charged. [25] These problems have been driven by uncertainty over the F-FDTL's role, poor conditions of service due to limited resources, tensions arising from FALINTIL's transition from a guerrilla organisation to a regular military and political and regional rivalries. Data from 2004 census and official 2008 estimates from the Direcção Nacional de Estatística, Timor-Leste: Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Konstituisaun Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste, "President Horta announces preliminary census of population's results", "Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex", "Timor-Leste's Nino Konis Santana National Park", Asia Times article on the Timor Gap dispute, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Timor&oldid=7021640, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Some stories recount Timorese ancestors journeying from Malay Peninsula or the Minangkabau Highlands of Sumatra. Tuir artigu 103 Lei-Inan nian, Governu, órgaun soberanu ida-ne’ebé iha responsabilidade atu hala’o no ezekuta polítiku jerál nasaun nian no mós órgaun superiór Administrasaun Públika nian. [97], The modest size of the defence budget means that the East Timorese Government is only able to purchase small quantities of military equipment. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. [14] While recognising the need for an act of self-determination, he considered integration with Indonesia to be in Portuguese Timor's best interests. Gareth Evans and Prime Minister Paul Keating (1991–1996) gave maintenance of close relations with the Indonesian government a high priority, as did the subsequent Prime Minister John Howard and Foreign Minister Alexander Downer during their first term in office (1996–1998). The first inhabitants are thought to be descendant of Australoid and Melanesian peoples. [5] The inadequate number of police officers who were deployed to East Timor as part of the United Nations-led peacekeeping force contributed to high rates of crime. These Portuguese were traders that arrived between 1512 and 1515. [9] The study team recommended option 3 as being best suited to East Timor's security needs and economic situation. [31], Fighting broke out between the remnants of the East Timorese security forces and the rebels and gangs in late May. The dismissal contributed to a general collapse of both the F-FDTL and PNTL in May and forced the government to request foreign peacekeepers to restore security. [8], FALINTIL officially became F-FDTL on 1 February 2001. It was clear that the UN did not have sufficient resources to combat the paramilitary forces directly. [7], The first known mention of Timor in writing can be found in the 13th-century Chinese Zhu Fan Zhi, which describes various products and civilizations found outside China.

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